Gum disease is inflammation and infection of the gums and the bone that supports the teeth. It is caused by plaque, the film of bacteria that builds up on teeth every day. In its early stages it is usually painless, so it is often first picked up at a check-up rather than noticed at home.
Gingivitis and periodontitis
Gingivitis is the early stage. The gums are red, swollen and bleed easily, but the bone is not affected, and it can usually be reversed. Periodontitis is the more advanced stage. The gums pull away from the teeth to form pockets, and the supporting bone is gradually lost. Lost bone does not grow back by itself, but treatment can help stop the disease from progressing. Without treatment, teeth can become loose and may eventually be lost.
Signs and risk factors
Common signs include bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, gums pulling back so that teeth look longer, and teeth that feel loose or have moved. Smoking, diabetes, a family history of gum disease, a dry mouth and hormonal changes such as pregnancy all increase the risk. Smoking can also hide bleeding, so gum disease may go unnoticed.
How gum disease is treated
Gum health is assessed by measuring the space between each tooth and the gum, with X-rays to check the level of the supporting bone. Gingivitis is usually managed with a professional clean. Periodontitis is treated with deep cleaning of the root surfaces below the gum line, usually under local anaesthetic. Because gum disease can return, regular maintenance visits are an important part of keeping it under control.
Gum disease and general health
Gum disease has been associated with other conditions, including diabetes and heart disease, and gum disease and diabetes can each make the other harder to manage.
Gum disease treatment at White Pearl Dental Care
Gum assessment, professional cleaning and deep cleaning are provided at the practice in Blacktown. Maintenance visits are usually every three to six months, depending on the severity and how well the teeth are kept clean at home. Advanced or aggressive gum disease, particularly when there is significant bone loss at a younger age, is referred to a periodontist (a specialist in gums and the supporting bone).
Health funds
Many health fund extras policies contribute to gum treatment. All major health funds are accepted, with HICAPS claiming on the spot.
Book a gum check
1st Floor, 5 Patrick Street, Blacktown, next to Westpoint. Call (02) 8814 9888 or book online.