General information only. This article explains dental topics in general terms and isn’t a substitute for personal advice. Everyone’s oral health and dental needs are different, so please see a dentist for advice that applies to you.

Mouthwash can be a useful addition to brushing and cleaning between your teeth, but it does not replace them. Some mouthwashes simply freshen breath, while others contain ingredients that help with decay or gum problems. This article explains what different mouthwashes do and how to use them.

Cosmetic and therapeutic mouthwashes

Cosmetic mouthwashes mainly mask bad breath for a short time. Therapeutic mouthwashes contain active ingredients, such as fluoride or antibacterial agents, aimed at a particular problem. Check the label to see what a product contains.

How mouthwash can help

Strengthening enamel

Fluoride mouthwashes help strengthen enamel and can reduce decay in people at higher risk, such as those with orthodontic braces, dry mouth or frequent decay.

Reducing plaque and gum inflammation

Some antibacterial mouthwashes, such as those containing cetylpyridinium chloride or essential oils, can modestly reduce plaque and gum inflammation when used with brushing and interdental cleaning.

Freshening breath

Mouthwash can reduce bad breath for a few hours. Ongoing bad breath usually comes from plaque on the teeth and tongue, gum disease or decay, so it is worth having it checked rather than relying on mouthwash. See gum disease.

Types of mouthwash

Fluoride: to help prevent decay. Not generally recommended for children under 6, who may swallow it.
Chlorhexidine: a strong antibacterial rinse, usually recommended for short periods, for example after gum treatment or oral surgery. Longer use can stain teeth and affect taste, so use it only as advised by a dentist or pharmacist.
Antibacterial (for example cetylpyridinium chloride or essential oils): for everyday plaque and gum support.
Alcohol-free: many mouthwashes are available without alcohol. These are a better choice if you have a dry mouth or sensitive tissues, or prefer to avoid alcohol.
For dry mouth: moisturising rinses designed to relieve dryness.
Natural or herbal: evidence for these varies, so check the active ingredients.

Using mouthwash well

Use it as directed on the label, usually swishing for 30 to 60 seconds, then spit it out.
Use it at a different time from brushing, for example after lunch. Rinsing straight after brushing can wash away the fluoride from your toothpaste.
Avoid eating or drinking for 30 minutes after a fluoride rinse.
Keep it out of reach of young children.
Ask a dentist or pharmacist which type suits your needs.

Common questions

Can mouthwash replace brushing and flossing?

No. Mouthwash cannot remove plaque the way brushing and cleaning between teeth can. It is an optional extra.

Do I need to use mouthwash?

Not everyone does. Brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and cleaning between your teeth daily is the foundation. Mouthwash may help if you have a higher risk of decay or gum problems.